How is market capitalization calculated?

Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the current share price of a company by the total number of outstanding shares. This calculation provides a quick and straightforward measure of a company's total market value as perceived by investors. When investors want to gauge the size of a company and its position in the market compared to competitors, market capitalization is a key metric used. This figure is essential for investors to understand, as it affects indices, investment strategies, and valuations.

The other options represent different financial metrics that do not pertain to market capitalization. For instance, calculating assets minus liabilities gives a company's net worth or equity, while net income divided by total sales results in a profit margin percentage, and total debt plus total equity reflects a company’s capital structure, none of which involve the share price or outstanding shares in the manner that market capitalization does.