In what system would you find the Sun as the center of orbiting planets?

The heliocentric system is characterized by the Sun being at the center, with the planets, including Earth, orbiting around it. This model was famously articulated by Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century and marked a significant shift from earlier models that placed the Earth at the center of the universe. The heliocentric model provides a clearer understanding of planetary motion and gravitational forces, as it aligns with observable phenomena such as the retrograde motion of planets when viewed from Earth.

In contrast, the geocentric model positions Earth at the center, which is not consistent with the modern understanding of our solar system. The galactic system refers to the structure of our galaxy, the Milky Way, and includes countless stars and solar systems, while the universal concept pertains to the entirety of existence and does not specifically denote the arrangement of bodies within our solar system. Thus, the heliocentric model is the one that accurately describes the arrangement of our solar system with the Sun at the center.